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The Mailer Review/Volume 13, 2019/Angst, Authorship, Critics: “The Snows of Kilimanjaro,” “The Crack-Up,” Advertisements for Myself

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« The Mailer Review • Volume 13 Number 1 • 2019 »
Written by
Raymond M. Vince
Abstract: Mailer, Hemingway, and Fitzgerald face personal and cultural angst. Despite critical disapproval at the time, the works use counterfactuals and aesthetic distance to mark “a fundamental change in American consciousness.” Vladimir Nabokov suggests that we possess “only words to play with.” Using such frail and fallible words, these writers transformed their personal angst into great art, creating works that—like Mount Kilimanjaro—endure.
URL: http://prmlr.us/mr13vin

It is not easy being a great writer. Nor is it easy—as various members of Norman Mailer’s family have testified—living with a great writer. The vocation of the serious author involves, along with a multitude of passions and perspectives, a good deal of angst. In using the term angst, I mean a deep sense of existential dread, but more particularly a peculiar experience of alienation that may be inseparable—it has been argued—from twentieth-century authorship. Hilary Justice has described a kind of “writer/author alienation”[1] experienced both by Mailer and Hemingway, and their differing responses to that alienation.[a]

Hemingway saw this alienation as a paradox and sought to eliminate it through force of will and pedantry. Mailer, having learned from Hemingway (and writing not as a Modernist but Postmodernist), embraced the paradox and gave it center stage. . . . Their future success as novelists (which would in both cases be uneven) would depend for the remainder of their careers on how successfully each negotiated the inescapable alienation of writer from author that was intrinsic to mid-twentieth-century American authorship.[2]

Her description of Mailer as one who “embraced the paradox and gave it center stage” sounds familiar to those of us who value and teach his work. The phrase brings us face to face with the complex relationship between Mailer’s fiction and nonfiction, and between the writer and the public figure. Few contemporary writers have “embraced the paradox” as much as Mailer, but this “writer/author alienation”[1] would seem to be common to many twentieth-century authors. My conviction is that these three authors—Norman Mailer (1923–2007), Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961), and F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940)—in struggling with that alienation, reveal a profound experience of angst, an angst that was both personal and cultural. Their literary responses were very different, as we shall see, but each writer was able to find a degree of aesthetic distance that transformed that angst into art.

. . .

Notes

  1. ↑ In arguing her claim, Hilary Justice compares Hemingway’s Death in the Afternoon (1932) with Mailer’s Advertisements for Myself (1959), using the phrase “authorship and alienation.” This suggested to me the theme of writer/author alienation, but I decided to use instead Hemingway’s short story “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” (1936), published four years later, and to add Fitzgerald’s “The Crack-Up” (1936). It seemed to me that “Snows” is a more successful work than Death in the Afternoon, and was also published the same year as Fitzgerald’s articles. All three works, I believe, reveal this writer/author alienation, but I decided to use as my title “Angst, Authorship, and the Critics” to highlight other factors. The article by Justice, however, was the primary catalyst for my paper.

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Justice 2010, p. 260.
  2. ↑ Justice 2010, p. 230.

Works Cited

  • Baker, Carlos (1972). Hemingway: The Writer as Artist. Princeton UP.
  • Barke, Megan; Fribush, Rebecca; Stearns, Peter N. (2000). "Nervous Breakdown in 20th Century American Culture". Journal of Social History. 33 (3): 565–584.
  • Batchelor, Bob (2013). "Visions of the American Dream: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Bob Dylan, and Norman Mailer Probe at the Heart of the National Idea". The Mailer Review. 7 (1): 74–89.
  • Benson, Jackson (1989). "Ernest Hemingway: The Life as Fiction and the Fiction as Life". American Literature. 61 (3): 345–358.
  • Braudey, Leo (1981). "Providence, Paranoia, and the Novel". ELH. 43 (3): 619–637.
  • Burwell, Rose Marie (1996). Hemingway:The Postwar Years and the Posthumous Novels. Cambridge UP.
  • Castronovo, David (Fall 2003). "Norman Mailer as Midcentury Advertisement". New England Review. 4 (24): 179–186.
  • Conrad, Joseph (2002). Watts, Cedric, ed. Heart of Darkness and Other Tales. Oxford UP.
  • Cowley, Malcolm (1978) [1955]. Introduction. Leaves of Grass. By Whitman, Walt. Cowley, Malcolm, ed. (first ed.). New York: Penguin. pp. vii–xxxvii.
  • Donaldson, Scott (1980). "The Crisis of Fitzgerald's 'Crack-Up'". Twentieth Century Literature. 26 (2): 171–188.
  • — (2001). "Fitzgerald's Nonfiction". In Prigozy, Ruth. The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
  • Eliot, T. S. (1933). The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism. Faber & Faber.
  • Fitzgerald, F. Scott (2005). Mangum, Bryant, ed. The Best Early Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Modern Library.
  • — (1993). "The Crack Up". In Wilson, Edmund. New Directions.
  • — (1955). Bruccoli, Matthew, ed. The Great Gatsby. Scribner.
  • Foster, Richard (1968). "Mailer and the Fitzgerald Tradition". NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction. 3 (1): 219–230.
  • Glenday, Michael K. (2012). "The Blade and the Gambler: F. Scott Fitzgerald and Norman Mailer". The Mailer Review. 6 (1): 117–128.
  • Hampl, Patricia (2012). "F. Scott Fitzgerald: Essays from the Edge". American Scholar. 81 (2): 104–111.
  • Harding, Jennifer Riddle (2011). "'He Had Never Written a Word of That': Regret and Counterfactuals in Hemingway's 'The Snow of Kilimanjaro'". The Hemingway Review. 30 (2): 21–35.
  • Hemingway, Ernest (2003). "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber". The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories. New Scribner. pp. 121–154.
  • — (2003). "The Snows of Kilimanjaro". The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories. Scribner. pp. 3–28.
  • Justice, Hilary K. (2010). "Authorship and Alienation in Death in the Afternoon and Advertisements for Myself". The Mailer Review. 4 (1): 259–272.
  • Nabokov, Vladimir (1970). Appel, Alfred, ed. The Annotated Lolita. Vintage.
  • Scriber, Charles (2003). Introduction. Tender is the Night. By Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Scribner.
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