The White Negro - Revision history

Grlucas: Added ref.

2021-03-15T20:41:58Z

Added ref.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 15 March 2021
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	Since its initial publication “The White Negro” provoked controversy. Among Mailer’s contemporaries, Norman {{harvtxt\|Podhoretz\|1958}} lumped him together with Beats like Kerouac and Ginsberg as “Know-Nothing Bohemians” and castigated him for his suggestion that violence, including sexual violence, represented a legitimate response to the instinctual repression of his age. Friend and colleague James {{harvtxt\|Baldwin\|1988}} wrote in “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy” that Mailer’s views on race were founded more on fantasy than on fact, and he dismissed his fellow author’s implicit claim to hipness. Some of the more sympathetic critics like Laura {{harvtxt\|Adams\|1976}}, Robert {{harvtxt\|Solotaroff\|1972}}, and Robert {{harvtxt\|Ehrlich\|1978}} concentrated on the essay’s existential themes; faced with the possibility of mass, impersonal death as a result concentration camps or atomic weapons on one hand, or the certainty of a “slow death by conformity” on the other, the hipster, as Mailer said, chose “to divorce [himself] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that unchartered journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self” and “to the encourage the psychopath” in himself, that his, to follow his instincts even at the risk of anti-social behavior.{{sfn\|Mailer\|1959\|p=339}} To Alan Petigny, the hipster presented “an alternate vision of the self…during the Age of Eisenhower.”{{sfn\|Petigny\|2007\|p=186}} Joe Wenke extended this theme, seeing in the hipster a figure who “reveals the romantic possibilities inherent in alienation as an existential approximation of the Adamic condition.”{{sfn\|Wenke\|2013\|p=67}}		Since its initial publication “The White Negro” provoked controversy. Among Mailer’s contemporaries, Norman {{harvtxt\|Podhoretz\|1958}} lumped him together with Beats like Kerouac and Ginsberg as “Know-Nothing Bohemians” and castigated him for his suggestion that violence, including sexual violence, represented a legitimate response to the instinctual repression of his age. Friend and colleague James {{harvtxt\|Baldwin\|1988}} wrote in “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy” that Mailer’s views on race were founded more on fantasy than on fact, and he dismissed his fellow author’s implicit claim to hipness. Some of the more sympathetic critics like Laura {{harvtxt\|Adams\|1976}}, Robert {{harvtxt\|Solotaroff\|1972}}, and Robert {{harvtxt\|Ehrlich\|1978}} concentrated on the essay’s existential themes; faced with the possibility of mass, impersonal death as a result concentration camps or atomic weapons on one hand, or the certainty of a “slow death by conformity” on the other, the hipster, as Mailer said, chose “to divorce [himself] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that unchartered journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self” and “to the encourage the psychopath” in himself, that his, to follow his instincts even at the risk of anti-social behavior.{{sfn\|Mailer\|1959\|p=339}} To Alan Petigny, the hipster presented “an alternate vision of the self…during the Age of Eisenhower.”{{sfn\|Petigny\|2007\|p=186}} Joe Wenke extended this theme, seeing in the hipster a figure who “reveals the romantic possibilities inherent in alienation as an existential approximation of the Adamic condition.”{{sfn\|Wenke\|2013\|p=67}}

	More recent criticism of the essay, viewed through the lens of Gender Studies and African-American Studies, testifies to the essay’s continuing relevance as an important cultural touchstone. Gary Marx attacked Mailer’s stereotypical construction of African-American identity. Frederick {{harvtxt\|Whiting\|2005}} and Steve Shoemaker critiqued Mailer’s assumptions about gender and homosexuality as suggested by his masculine, heteronormative rhetoric, which Andrea Levine saw as Mailer’s attempt “to ‘remasculinize’ the Jewish body” in the wake of the Holocaust.{{sfn\|Whiting\|2005\|p=60}} Over sixty years after its initial publication, critics have continued to find Mailer’s essay relevant, if not indispensable. In ''Hip: The History'', John {{harvtxt\|Leland\|2004}} frequently referenced the essay as a crucial stage in the evolution of what it means to be hip. Maggie McKinley revisited Mailer’s endorsement of violence in the essay, countering earlier criticism with the observation that “Mailer clearly believes in the power of violence, yet like [Hannah] Arendt, his writings (both fictional and nonfictional) also suggest that he sees the damage that might be wielded by violence, especially when that violence is used by governments as a mechanism of totalitarian control.”{{sfn\|McKinley\|2015\|p=69}} Most recently, Lauren Michelle {{harvtxt\|Jackson\|2019}} borrowed Mailer’s title to explore the study of white Americans’ appropriation of African-American culture.		More recent criticism of the essay, viewed through the lens of Gender Studies and African-American Studies, testifies to the essay’s continuing relevance as an important cultural touchstone. Gary Marx attacked Mailer’s stereotypical construction of African-American identity. Frederick {{harvtxt\|Whiting\|2005}} and Steve {{harvtxt\|Shoemaker\|1991}} critiqued Mailer’s assumptions about gender and homosexuality as suggested by his masculine, heteronormative rhetoric, which Andrea Levine saw as Mailer’s attempt “to ‘remasculinize’ the Jewish body” in the wake of the Holocaust.{{sfn\|Whiting\|2005\|p=60}} Over sixty years after its initial publication, critics have continued to find Mailer’s essay relevant, if not indispensable. In ''Hip: The History'', John {{harvtxt\|Leland\|2004}} frequently referenced the essay as a crucial stage in the evolution of what it means to be hip. Maggie McKinley revisited Mailer’s endorsement of violence in the essay, countering earlier criticism with the observation that “Mailer clearly believes in the power of violence, yet like [Hannah] Arendt, his writings (both fictional and nonfictional) also suggest that he sees the damage that might be wielded by violence, especially when that violence is used by governments as a mechanism of totalitarian control.”{{sfn\|McKinley\|2015\|p=69}} Most recently, Lauren Michelle {{harvtxt\|Jackson\|2019}} borrowed Mailer’s title to explore the study of white Americans’ appropriation of African-American culture.

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Grlucas: Added bib; tweaked format.

2021-03-15T20:36:00Z

Added bib; tweaked format.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 15 March 2021
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	{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}		{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}
	{{byline\|type=Edited\|last=Lucas \|first=Gerald R. \|last1=Mosser \|first1=Jason}}		{{byline\|type=Edited\|last=Lucas \|first=Gerald R. \|last1=Mosser \|first1=Jason}}
	{{start\|Norman Mailer published his essay “The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster”}} in ''Dissent'' in 1957. It was reprinted in Mailer’s collection ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'' in 1959 and republished in pamphlet form by Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s City Lights Books in 1959. According to Mailer biographer [[J. Michael Lennon]], “The White Negro” became the “intellectual manifesto” of the Beat Generation, just as [[w:Jack Kerouac\|Jack Kerouac]]’s ''On the Road'' represented the mythical roadmap and [[w:Allen Ginsberg\|Allen Ginsberg]]’s ''Howl'' the poetic testament.~~<ref>~~{{~~cite book~~ \|~~last=~~Lennon \|~~first=J. Michael \|date=~~2013 \|~~title=Norman Mailer: A Double Life \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlftBAAAQBAJ \|location=New York \|publisher=Simon and Schuster \|author-link=J. Michael Lennon \|ref~~=~~harv~~ }}~~</ref>~~ “The White Negro,” Lennon said, was “the most discussed American essay in the quarter century after World War II” and “the most reprinted essay of the era.”{{sfn\|Lennon\|2013\|p=220}}		{{start\|Norman Mailer published his essay “The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster”}} in ''Dissent'' in 1957. It was reprinted in Mailer’s collection ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'' in 1959 and republished in pamphlet form by Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s City Lights Books in 1959. According to Mailer biographer [[J. Michael Lennon]], “The White Negro” became the “intellectual manifesto” of the Beat Generation, just as [[w:Jack Kerouac\|Jack Kerouac]]’s ''On the Road'' represented the mythical roadmap and [[w:Allen Ginsberg\|Allen Ginsberg]]’s ''Howl'' the poetic testament.{{sfn\|Lennon\|2013\|p=239}} “The White Negro,” Lennon said, was “the most discussed American essay in the quarter century after World War II” and “the most reprinted essay of the era.”{{sfn\|Lennon\|2013\|p=220}}
			{{Quote box
	Since its initial publication “The White Negro” provoked controversy. Among Mailer’s contemporaries, [[w:Norman Podhoretz\|Norman Podhoretz]] lumped him together with Beats like Kerouac and Ginsberg as “Know-Nothing Bohemians” and castigated him for his suggestion that violence, including sexual violence, represented a legitimate response to the instinctual repression of his age.<ref>{{~~cite magazine~~ \|last=Podhoretz \|first=Norman \|date=1958 \|title=The Know-Nothing Bohemians \|url= \|magazine=Partisan Review \|volume=25 \|issue=2 \|pages=305+ \|access-date= \|author-link=w:Norman Podhoretz\|ref=harv }}</ref> Friend and colleague [[w:James Baldwin\|James Baldwin]] wrote in “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy” that Mailer’s views on race were founded more on fantasy than on fact, and he dismissed his fellow author’s implicit claim to hipness.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Baldwin \|first=James \|date=1961 \|title=The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy \|url= \|magazine=Esquire \|volume=55 \|issue=5 \|pages=102–106 \|access-date= \|ref=harv }}</ref> Some of the more sympathetic critics like Laura Adams, Theodore Solotaroff, and Robert Ehrlich concentrated on the essay’s existential themes; faced with the possibility of mass, impersonal death as a result concentration camps or atomic weapons on one hand, or the certainty of a “slow death by conformity” on the other, the hipster, as Mailer said, chose “to divorce [himself] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that unchartered journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self” and “to the encourage the psychopath” in himself, that his, to follow his instincts even at the risk of anti-social behavior (339). To Alan Petigny, the hipster presented “an alternate vision of the self…during the Age of Eisenhower” (186). Joe Wenke extended this theme, seeing in the hipster a figure who “reveals the romantic possibilities inherent in alienation as an existential approximation of the Adamic condition” (67).		\| title = Historical Context
			\| quote = Same as that for the [[w:Beat Generation\|Beat Generation]]:
	More recent criticism of the essay, viewed through the lens of Gender Studies and African-American Studies, testifies to the essay’s continuing relevance as an important cultural touchstone. Gary Marx attacked Mailer’s stereotypical construction of African-American identity. Frederick Whiting and Steve Shoemaker critiqued Mailer’s assumptions about gender and homosexuality as suggested by his masculine, heteronormative rhetoric, which Andrea Levine saw as Mailer’s attempt “to ‘remasculinize’ the Jewish body” in the wake of the Holocaust (60). Over sixty years after its initial publication, critics have continued to find Mailer’s essay relevant, if not indispensable. In Hip: The History, John Leland frequently referenced the essay as a crucial stage in the evolution of what it means to be hip. Maggie McKinley revisited Mailer’s endorsement of violence in the essay, countering earlier criticism with the observation that “Mailer clearly believes in the power of violence, yet like [Hannah] Arendt, his writings (both fictional and nonfictional) also suggest that he sees the damage that might be wielded by violence, especially when that violence is used by governments as a mechanism of totalitarian control” (69). Most recently, Lauren Michelle Jackson borrowed Mailer’s title ~~to explore the study of white Americans’ appropriation of African-American culture.~~

	===Historical Context===
	Same as that for the [[w:Beat Generation\|Beat Generation]]:

	Post-WWII era: two greatest horrors of the 20th century: the [[w:The Holocaust\|Holocaust]] and atomic warfare; [[w:Beats\|Beats]] lived and wrote in the wake of these cataclysmic, earth-shattering events, feeling that they were living at the end of the world; they had a distinct sense of Western civilization in decline.		Post-WWII era: two greatest horrors of the 20th century: the [[w:The Holocaust\|Holocaust]] and atomic warfare; [[w:Beats\|Beats]] lived and wrote in the wake of these cataclysmic, earth-shattering events, feeling that they were living at the end of the world; they had a distinct sense of Western civilization in decline.
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	Growth of the middle-class and of suburbanization: ideal of corporate success, [[w:nuclear family\|nuclear family]]; domesticity, monogamy.		Growth of the middle-class and of suburbanization: ideal of corporate success, [[w:nuclear family\|nuclear family]]; domesticity, monogamy.
			\| align=right
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			}}
			{{Quote box
			\| title = Style
			\| quote = Complex syntax: Mailer is trying to develop a complex argument, so his prose reflects the process of working through the task he has set for himself, to define this new phenomenon, post-WWII Hip and the Hipster, and he used his style as a means not just of articulating but discovering what he wants to say.
			\| align=right
			\|width=30em
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			}}

	~~===Style===~~		Since its initial publication “The White Negro” provoked controversy. Among Mailer’s contemporaries, Norman {{harvtxt\|Podhoretz\|1958}} lumped him together with Beats like Kerouac and Ginsberg as “Know-Nothing Bohemians” and castigated him for his suggestion that violence, including sexual violence, represented a legitimate response to the instinctual repression of his age. Friend and colleague James {{harvtxt\|Baldwin\|1988}} wrote in “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy” that Mailer’s views on race were founded more on fantasy than on fact, and he dismissed his fellow author’s implicit claim to hipness. Some of the more sympathetic critics like Laura {{harvtxt\|Adams\|1976}}, Robert {{harvtxt\|Solotaroff\|1972}}, and Robert {{harvtxt\|Ehrlich\|1978}} concentrated on the essay’s existential themes; faced with the possibility of mass, impersonal death as a result concentration camps or atomic weapons on one hand, or the certainty of a “slow death by conformity” on the other, the hipster, as Mailer said, chose “to divorce [himself] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that unchartered journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self” and “to the encourage the psychopath” in himself, that his, to follow his instincts even at the risk of anti-social behavior.{{sfn\|Mailer\|1959\|p=339}} To Alan Petigny, the hipster presented “an alternate vision of the self…during the Age of Eisenhower.”{{sfn\|Petigny\|2007\|p=186}} Joe Wenke extended this theme, seeing in the hipster a figure who “reveals the romantic possibilities inherent in alienation as an existential approximation of the Adamic condition.”{{sfn\|Wenke\|2013\|p=67}}
	~~Complex syntax: Mailer is trying~~ to ~~develop~~ a ~~complex argument~~, ~~so his prose reflects~~ the ~~process~~ of ~~working through~~ the ~~task he has~~ set ~~for~~ himself, to ~~define~~ this ~~new phenomenon~~, ~~post~~-~~WWII~~ Hip ~~and~~ the ~~Hipster~~, and he used ~~his style~~ as a ~~means not just~~ of ~~articulating but discovering what he wants~~ to ~~say~~.
			More recent criticism of the essay, viewed through the lens of Gender Studies and African-American Studies, testifies to the essay’s continuing relevance as an important cultural touchstone. Gary Marx attacked Mailer’s stereotypical construction of African-American identity. Frederick {{harvtxt\|Whiting\|2005}} and Steve Shoemaker critiqued Mailer’s assumptions about gender and homosexuality as suggested by his masculine, heteronormative rhetoric, which Andrea Levine saw as Mailer’s attempt “to ‘remasculinize’ the Jewish body” in the wake of the Holocaust.{{sfn\|Whiting\|2005\|p=60}} Over sixty years after its initial publication, critics have continued to find Mailer’s essay relevant, if not indispensable. In ''Hip: The History'', John {{harvtxt\|Leland\|2004}} frequently referenced the essay as a crucial stage in the evolution of what it means to be hip. Maggie McKinley revisited Mailer’s endorsement of violence in the essay, countering earlier criticism with the observation that “Mailer clearly believes in the power of violence, yet like [Hannah] Arendt, his writings (both fictional and nonfictional) also suggest that he sees the damage that might be wielded by violence, especially when that violence is used by governments as a mechanism of totalitarian control.”{{sfn\|McKinley\|2015\|p=69}} Most recently, Lauren Michelle {{harvtxt\|Jackson\|2019}} borrowed Mailer’s title to explore the study of white Americans’ appropriation of African-American culture.

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	{{* * *}}		{{* * *}}

	{{Large\|The White}}{{~~refn~~\|It’s worth noting that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') credits Mailer as the first writer to use the adjective “white” to qualify “Negro”. This usage, as well as other observations he makes throughout the essay, suggests that Mailer was actually on the cutting edge of the idea that race was not merely biological but cultural as well, i.e., a social and cultural construct.}} {{Large\|Negro}}{{~~refn~~\|The word “[[w:negro\|negro]]” is no longer really in use, and these days would be considered racist. That was not true in the 1950s, however, when Mailer wrote the essay. It would be another 10-15 years or so before the term African-American became prevalent as preferred usage. Readers then and now might find Mailer’s essay implicitly racist in the assumptions he makes about the daily lives of African-Americans, and that’s a valid criticism, but Mailer was attempting, however successfully or unsuccessfully, to identify with African-Americans and to acknowledge the influence African-American culture exerted on the dominant culture, at least among the select few who considered themselves Hip.}}<br />		{{Large\|The White}}{{efn\|It’s worth noting that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') credits Mailer as the first writer to use the adjective “white” to qualify “Negro”. This usage, as well as other observations he makes throughout the essay, suggests that Mailer was actually on the cutting edge of the idea that race was not merely biological but cultural as well, i.e., a social and cultural construct.}} {{Large\|Negro}}{{efn\|The word “[[w:negro\|negro]]” is no longer really in use, and these days would be considered racist. That was not true in the 1950s, however, when Mailer wrote the essay. It would be another 10-15 years or so before the term African-American became prevalent as preferred usage. Readers then and now might find Mailer’s essay implicitly racist in the assumptions he makes about the daily lives of African-Americans, and that’s a valid criticism, but Mailer was attempting, however successfully or unsuccessfully, to identify with African-Americans and to acknowledge the influence African-American culture exerted on the dominant culture, at least among the select few who considered themselves Hip.}}<br />
	{{Big\|Superficial Reflections on the Hipster}}{{~~refn~~\|The sub-title ‘Superficial Reflections’ self-deprecatingly reflects Mailer’s awareness of the difficulty of his project.}}		{{Big\|Superficial Reflections on the Hipster}}{{efn\|The sub-title ‘Superficial Reflections’ self-deprecatingly reflects Mailer’s awareness of the difficulty of his project.}}

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	{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an ''enfant terrible'' turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|author=Caroline Bird\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957{{~~refn~~\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}		{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an ''enfant terrible'' turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|author=Caroline Bird\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957{{efn\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}

			====Notes====
			{{notelist}}

			====Citations====
			{{Reflist\|15em}}

			====Works Cited====
			{{WN:Bib}}

	~~{{Notes}}~~
	[[Category:Full Text Books]]		[[Category:Full Text Books]]

Grlucas: Added more; still more to do.

2020-12-01T21:08:32Z

Added more; still more to do.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 1 December 2020
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	{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}		{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}
	{{byline\|type=Edited\|last=Lucas \|first=Gerald R. \|last1=Mosser \|first1=Jason}}		{{byline\|type=Edited\|last=Lucas \|first=Gerald R. \|last1=Mosser \|first1=Jason}}
	{{start\|“The White ~~Negro” was first published~~ in [[57.1\|''~~Dissent~~''~~, Fall 1957~~]],}} ~~where Mailer~~ was ~~a long time contributor~~ and ~~board member~~. ~~Later~~, ~~it was published~~ as a ~~stand~~-~~alone book by~~ [[~~59.8a~~\|~~City Lights in 1959~~]], ~~then~~ by Mailer ~~in ''[~~[~~Advertisements for Myself~~]~~]''~~, ~~also~~ in ~~1959~~. ~~Most recently it appears~~ in ~~''[[Mind~~ of an ~~Outlaw]]''~~, ~~2013~~. ~~Added~~ to ~~Project Mailer~~ as ~~part~~ of ~~an educational project~~ and ~~an example~~ of ~~a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition~~.		{{start\|Norman Mailer published his essay “The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster”}} in ''Dissent'' in 1957. It was reprinted in Mailer’s collection ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'' in 1959 and republished in pamphlet form by Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s City Lights Books in 1959. According to Mailer biographer [[J. Michael Lennon]], “The White Negro” became the “intellectual manifesto” of the Beat Generation, just as [[w:Jack Kerouac\|Jack Kerouac]]’s ''On the Road'' represented the mythical roadmap and [[w:Allen Ginsberg\|Allen Ginsberg]]’s ''Howl'' the poetic testament.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Lennon \|first=J. Michael \|date=2013 \|title=Norman Mailer: A Double Life \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlftBAAAQBAJ \|location=New York \|publisher=Simon and Schuster \|author-link=J. Michael Lennon \|ref=harv }}</ref> “The White Negro,” Lennon said, was “the most discussed American essay in the quarter century after World War II” and “the most reprinted essay of the era.”{{sfn\|Lennon\|2013\|p=220}}

			Since its initial publication “The White Negro” provoked controversy. Among Mailer’s contemporaries, [[w:Norman Podhoretz\|Norman Podhoretz]] lumped him together with Beats like Kerouac and Ginsberg as “Know-Nothing Bohemians” and castigated him for his suggestion that violence, including sexual violence, represented a legitimate response to the instinctual repression of his age.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Podhoretz \|first=Norman \|date=1958 \|title=The Know-Nothing Bohemians \|url= \|magazine=Partisan Review \|volume=25 \|issue=2 \|pages=305+ \|access-date= \|author-link=w:Norman Podhoretz\|ref=harv }}</ref> Friend and colleague [[w:James Baldwin\|James Baldwin]] wrote in “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy” that Mailer’s views on race were founded more on fantasy than on fact, and he dismissed his fellow author’s implicit claim to hipness.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Baldwin \|first=James \|date=1961 \|title=The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy \|url= \|magazine=Esquire \|volume=55 \|issue=5 \|pages=102–106 \|access-date= \|ref=harv }}</ref> Some of the more sympathetic critics like Laura Adams, Theodore Solotaroff, and Robert Ehrlich concentrated on the essay’s existential themes; faced with the possibility of mass, impersonal death as a result concentration camps or atomic weapons on one hand, or the certainty of a “slow death by conformity” on the other, the hipster, as Mailer said, chose “to divorce [himself] from society, to exist without roots, to set out on that unchartered journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self” and “to the encourage the psychopath” in himself, that his, to follow his instincts even at the risk of anti-social behavior (339). To Alan Petigny, the hipster presented “an alternate vision of the self…during the Age of Eisenhower” (186). Joe Wenke extended this theme, seeing in the hipster a figure who “reveals the romantic possibilities inherent in alienation as an existential approximation of the Adamic condition” (67).

			More recent criticism of the essay, viewed through the lens of Gender Studies and African-American Studies, testifies to the essay’s continuing relevance as an important cultural touchstone. Gary Marx attacked Mailer’s stereotypical construction of African-American identity. Frederick Whiting and Steve Shoemaker critiqued Mailer’s assumptions about gender and homosexuality as suggested by his masculine, heteronormative rhetoric, which Andrea Levine saw as Mailer’s attempt “to ‘remasculinize’ the Jewish body” in the wake of the Holocaust (60). Over sixty years after its initial publication, critics have continued to find Mailer’s essay relevant, if not indispensable. In Hip: The History, John Leland frequently referenced the essay as a crucial stage in the evolution of what it means to be hip. Maggie McKinley revisited Mailer’s endorsement of violence in the essay, countering earlier criticism with the observation that “Mailer clearly believes in the power of violence, yet like [Hannah] Arendt, his writings (both fictional and nonfictional) also suggest that he sees the damage that might be wielded by violence, especially when that violence is used by governments as a mechanism of totalitarian control” (69). Most recently, Lauren Michelle Jackson borrowed Mailer’s title to explore the study of white Americans’ appropriation of African-American culture.

	===Historical Context===		===Historical Context===
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	{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an ''enfant terrible'' turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|author=Caroline Bird\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957{{refn\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}		{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an ''enfant terrible'' turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|author=Caroline Bird\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957{{refn\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}

	~~===Notes===~~		{{Notes}}
	{{~~Notelist~~}}

	[[Category:Full Text Books]]		[[Category:Full Text Books]]

Grlucas: Tweaks.

2020-10-23T11:51:20Z

Tweaks.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 23 October 2020
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	Growth of the middle-class and of suburbanization: ideal of corporate success, [[w:nuclear family\|nuclear family]]; domesticity, monogamy.		Growth of the middle-class and of suburbanization: ideal of corporate success, [[w:nuclear family\|nuclear family]]; domesticity, monogamy.

	===~~Title~~===		===Style===
	~~“The White Negro~~: ~~Superficial Reflections on the Hipster”. The word “[[w:negro\|negro]]”~~ is ~~no longer really in use~~, ~~and these days would be considered racist. That was not true in~~ the ~~1950s~~, ~~however~~, ~~when Mailer wrote the essay. It would be another 10~~-~~15 years or so before the term African-American became prevalent as preferred usage. Readers then~~ and ~~now might find Mailer’s essay implicitly racist in~~ the ~~assumptions he makes about the daily lives of African-Americans~~, and ~~that’s~~ a ~~valid criticism,~~ but ~~Mailer was attempting, however successfully or unsuccessfully, to identify with African-Americans and~~ to ~~acknowledge the influence African-American culture exerted on the dominant culture, at least among the select few who considered themselves Hip~~.		Complex syntax: Mailer is trying to develop a complex argument, so his prose reflects the process of working through the task he has set for himself, to define this new phenomenon, post-WWII Hip and the Hipster, and he used his style as a means not just of articulating but discovering what he wants to say.

	It’s worth noting that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') credits Mailer as the first writer to use the adjective “white” to qualify “Negro”. This usage, as well as other observations he makes throughout the essay, suggests that Mailer was actually on the cutting edge of the idea that race was not merely biological but cultural as well, i.e., a social and cultural construct.		{{* * *}}

	~~“The sub-title ‘Superficial Reflections’ self-deprecatingly reflects Mailer’s awareness of the difficulty of his project.~~

	~~===Style===~~		{{Large\|The White}}{{refn\|It’s worth noting that the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') credits Mailer as the first writer to use the adjective “white” to qualify “Negro”. This usage, as well as other observations he makes throughout the essay, suggests that Mailer was actually on the cutting edge of the idea that race was not merely biological but cultural as well, i.e., a social and cultural construct.}} {{Large\|Negro}}{{refn\|The word “[[w:negro\|negro]]” is no longer really in use, and these days would be considered racist. That was not true in the 1950s, however, when Mailer wrote the essay. It would be another 10-15 years or so before the term African-American became prevalent as preferred usage. Readers then and now might find Mailer’s essay implicitly racist in the assumptions he makes about the daily lives of African-Americans, and that’s a valid criticism, but Mailer was attempting, however successfully or unsuccessfully, to identify with African-Americans and to acknowledge the influence African-American culture exerted on the dominant culture, at least among the select few who considered themselves Hip.}}<br />
	~~Complex syntax:~~ Mailer ~~is trying~~ to ~~develop a complex argument~~, ~~so his prose reflects~~ the ~~process~~ of ~~working through~~ the ~~task he has set for himself~~, ~~to define this new phenomenon~~, ~~post~~-~~WWII Hip~~ and the ~~Hipster~~, and ~~he used his style as~~ a ~~means not just of articulating~~ but ~~discovering what he wants~~ to ~~say~~.		{{Big\|Superficial Reflections on the Hipster}}{{refn\|The sub-title ‘Superficial Reflections’ self-deprecatingly reflects Mailer’s awareness of the difficulty of his project.}}

	<div style="clear:both;"></div>		<div style="clear:both;"></div>

	~~{{* * *}}~~		{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an ''enfant terrible'' turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|author=Caroline Bird\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957{{refn\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}

	{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957~~\|author=Caroline Bird~~{{~~efn~~\|In her article, which Mailer excerpts here, Bird clearly viewed the phenomenon of the Hipster through a critical lens; Mailer, characteristically combative, perhaps prefaced his essay with this quote in order to contrast his view of the Hipster with that the status quo intelligentsia, who largely ridiculed the Beat generation authors as well.}} }}

	===~~Note~~===		===Notes===
	{{Notelist}}		{{Notelist}}

	[[Category:Full Text Books]]		[[Category:Full Text Books]]

Grlucas: Added notes.

2020-10-23T11:33:35Z

Added notes.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{byline|type=Edited|last=Lucas |first=Gerald R. |last1=Mosser |first1=Jason}}
 {{start|“The White Negro” was first published in [[57.1|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]],}} where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.
 <div style="clear:both;"></div>
-{{quote|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957|author=Caroline Bird}}
+{{* * *}}
 [[Category:Full Text Books]]

Jules Carry: Tweaks. Added editors box.

2020-10-20T20:36:06Z

Tweaks. Added editors box.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 20 October 2020
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	{{wn-tabs\|This=3}}		{{wn-tabs\|This=3}}
	{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}		{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}
			{{byline\|type=Edited\|last=Lucas \|first=Gerald R. \|last1=Mosser \|first1=Jason}}
	~~First~~ published in [[57.1\|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]], where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a\|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.		{{start\|“The White Negro” was first published in [[57.1\|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]],}} where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a\|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.

	<div style="clear:both;"></div>		<div style="clear:both;"></div>

Grlucas: Tweaked tabs.

2019-06-24T22:11:30Z

Tweaked tabs.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:11, 24 June 2019
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	{{italic title}}		{{italic title}}
	{{wn-tabs}}		{{wn-tabs\|This=3}}
	{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}		{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}

Grlucas: Added URL.

2019-06-23T11:12:35Z

Added URL.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:12, 23 June 2019
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	{{italic title}}		{{italic title}}
	{{wn-tabs}}		{{wn-tabs}}
	{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.}}		{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.\|url=https://prmlr.us/wn}}

	First published in [[57.1\|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]], where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a\|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.		First published in [[57.1\|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]], where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a\|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.

			<div style="clear:both;"></div>

	{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957\|author=Caroline Bird}}		{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957\|author=Caroline Bird}}

	[[Category:Full Text Books]]		[[Category:Full Text Books]]

Grlucas: Removed cat.

2019-06-22T17:50:50Z

Removed cat.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 22 June 2019
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	{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957\|author=Caroline Bird}}		{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957\|author=Caroline Bird}}

	~~[[Category:Projects]]~~
	[[Category:Full Text Books]]		[[Category:Full Text Books]]

Grlucas: Started full-text edition.

2019-06-22T17:34:37Z

Started full-text edition.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 22 June 2019
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	~~#REDIRECT~~ [[59.8a]]		{{italic title}}
			{{wn-tabs}}
			{{byline\|last=Mailer\|first=Norman\|note=A scholarly edition.}}

			First published in [[57.1\|''Dissent'', Fall 1957]], where Mailer was a long time contributor and board member. Later, it was published as a stand-alone book by [[59.8a\|City Lights in 1959]], then by Mailer in ''[[Advertisements for Myself]]'', also in 1959. Most recently it appears in ''[[Mind of an Outlaw]]'', 2013. Added to Project Mailer as part of an educational project and an example of a potential Digital Humanities scholarly critical edition.

			{{quote\|Our search for the rebels of the generation led us to the hipster. The hipster is an enfant terrible turned inside out. In character with his time, he is trying to get back at the conformists by lying low . . . You can’t interview a hipster because his main goal is to keep out of a society which, he thinks, is trying to make everyone over in its own image. He takes marijuana because it supplies him with experiences that can’t be shared with “squares.” He may affect a broad-brimmed hat or a zoot suit, but usually he prefers to skulk unmarked. The hipster may be a jazz musician; he is rarely an artist, almost never a writer. He may earn his living as a petty criminal, a hobo, a carnival roustabout or a free-lance moving man in Greenwich Village, but some hipsters have found a safe refuge in the upper income brackets as television comics or movie actors. (The late James Dean, for one, was a hipster hero.) . . . it is tempting to describe the hipster in psychiatric terms as infantile, but the style of his infantilism is a sign of the times. He does not try to enforce his will on others, Napoleon-fashion, but contents himself with a magical omnipotence never disproved because never tested. . . . As the only extreme nonconformist of his generation, he exercises a powerful if underground appeal for conformists, through newspaper accounts of his delinquencies, his structureless jazz, and his emotive grunt words.\|source=“Born 1930: The Unlost Generation,” ''Harper’s Bazaar'', Feb. 1957\|author=Caroline Bird}}

			[[Category:Projects]]
			[[Category:Full Text Books]]